Effective Praise Highlights Student Effort

Praise works. In fact, educational research since the 1960s shows that students at every grade level and in every subject like to be praised for their work in the classroom. The empirical evidence from the research shows that praise can have a positive impact on both student academic learning and social behavior. Yet, as researchers Robert A. Gable, et al. note in their article Back to Basics Rules, Praise, Ignoring, and Reprimands Revisited (2009)  in the Journal of Intervention in School and Clinic, Given the documented positive effects of teacher praise, it is puzzling why so many teachers make little use of it. In determining why praise in the classroom is not used more often, Gable et al. suggest that teachers may not have had the training through peer coaching, self-monitoring, or self -evaluating and may not feel comfortable in acknowledging positive pupil behavior consistently.   Another reason may be that teachers may not know how to deliver praise that is effective. Teachers may give general praise using phrases such as, â€Å"Great work!† or â€Å"Nice job, students!† General phrases are not the most effective way for teachers to give feedback in the classroom. General phrases are directed to no one or to no skill in particular. Moreover, while these general phrases may be nice to hear, they may be too broad, and their overuse may result in becoming humdrum.  Similarly routine responses such as â€Å"Awesome!† or â€Å"Excellent!† by themselves do not inform the student what specific behaviors brought about success. Arguments against generic praise given indiscriminately have been made by education researcher Carol Dweck (2007) in her article The Perils and Promises of Praise in Educational Leadership. The wrong kind of praise creates self-defeating behavior. The right kind motivates students to learn. So, what can make praise the â€Å"right kind†? What can make praise in the classroom effective? The answer is the timing or when the teacher gives praise. The other important criteria of praise are the quality or kind of praise. When to Give Praise When a teacher uses praise to acknowledge student effort in problem-solving or in practice, make the praise more effective. Effective praise can be directed to an individual student or group of students when the teacher wants to connect praise with a particular behavior. That also means that praise should not be given for trivial accomplishments or weak efforts by students such as minor task completion or the student completing their responsibilities. In making praise effective, a teacher should explicitly note the behavior as the reason for praise in as timely a manner as possible.  The younger the student, the more immediate the praise should be. At the high school level, most students can accept delayed praise. When a teacher sees a student is making progress, the language of encouragement as praise can be effective. For example, I can see your hard work in this assignment.You have not quit even with this tough problem.Keep using your strategies! You’re making good progress!You have really grown (in these areas).I can see a difference in your work compared to yesterday. When a teacher sees a student succeed, the language of congratulatory praise may be more appropriate, such as: Congratulations! You put in the effort to succeed.Look at what you can accomplish when you do not give up.I am so proud of the effort, and you should be too, about the effort you put into this. Should students succeed easily without effort, praise can address the level of the assignment or problem. For example: This  assignment was not as challenging for you, so lets try and find something that will help you grow.  You may be ready for something more difficult, so what skills should we work on next?  It’s great that you have that down.  Ã‚  We need to raise the bar for you now. After giving praise, teachers should encourage students to take advantage of this opportunity to offer a chance for reflection So when you have another assignment or problem like this, what will you do?  Think back, what did you do that contributed to your success? Quality of Praise Praise must always be connected to a process, rather than student intelligence. That is the basis of Dwecks research in her book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (2007). She showed that students who received praise for their innate intelligence with statements such as â€Å"You are so smart† exhibited a â€Å"fixed mindset. They believed that academic achievement was limited on innate ability. In contrast, students who were praised for their efforts with statements such as â€Å"Your argument is very clear† exhibited a growth mindset and believed in academic achievement through effort and learning. Thus, we found that praise for intelligence tended to put students in a fixed mind-set (intelligence is fixed, and you have it), whereas praise for effort tended to put them in a growth mind-set (youre developing these skills because youre working hard). Of the two types of praise, Dweck notes, praise for student  effort such as â€Å"All that hard work and effort in completing the project paid off!† improves student motivation. One caution in praising, however, is to Make sure teachers are careful not to be inauthentic to inflate praise for students with low self-esteem. Critics have raised questions about the legitimacy of classroom praise, as rewarding trivial accomplishments or weak efforts. There may be some schools that do not support the use of evidence-based practices such as teacher praise. Additionally, at the secondary level, praise may also be received by students as drawing unwanted attention to an accomplishment. Regardless, there is no evidence to suggest that effective praise has a negative effect on students. Instead, effective praise can provide students with the kind of positive reinforcement that builds on success, motivates them to learn, and increases their participation in class. Steps to Effective Praise Notice effort by the student(s).Make eye contact with the student(s).Smile. Be sincere and enthusiastic.Deliver praise to students in proximity, especially at the secondary level.Prepare for praise by deciding what to say that is specific to the task.  Describe the behavior you want to reinforce telling how you feel about it with specific comments like, Your thoughts were well organized in this essay.Keep records of successful efforts and praise so you can make connections in future assignments. Finally, and most importantly, importantly, do not combine praise with criticism. To keep praise separate from criticism, avoid using the word, but immediately after a compliment. All this can make praise effective in the classroom. Effective praise can provide students with the kind of positive reinforcement that builds on success, motivates them to learn, and increases their participation in class.

The American Revolution Sowing the Seeds for the Civil War

The American Revolution: Sowing the Seeds for the Civil War The time of the American Revolution was the most critical period of time in all of American history. This was a period of time in which the foundation of our nation was set down: a strong foundation will lead us to greatness, a weak foundation will not. Along the path, if a part of the foundation crumbles or falls, it will take immense energy to fix it, and even if it heals, it heals with an ugly scar, a mark in our history. The mistakes made during the time of the American Revolution can be found in the roots of the Civil War. Of the many debatable causes of the Civil War, the three major causes were division over government ideology, division over slave labor ideology, and finally division over deeming a state slave or free. These three major divisions were preventable from the very beginning. The first faulty block of the foundation was the block of governmental ideology. The split in ideology was not taken care of during the Revolution, so it carried through history to the Civil War. During the Revolution, division in political ideology had not yet evolved into the Jeffersonian Republican and the Federalist parties. Instead it was an unlabeled split on issues such as state versus federal rights, slave states and free states, and slavery as a whole. The time of the revolution was prime for political unity, however the opportunity was not realized and we were set to suffer in the future. Since the Articles ofShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Slavery And Capitalism Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pageschattel slavery developed trade for America. Chattel slavery was practiced in the 17th to 19th centuries, and through the forced labor that African American slaves faced helped develop the new nation in not just an industrial, but also economic manner as well. 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Sxholarshio Essay Samples Leader Options

Sxholarshio Essay Samples Leader Options The Secret to Sxholarshio Essay Samples Leader Leadership is a typical and very straightforward word but rather very tricky word to define owing to its complexity and multifaceted composition. Make certain your entire name and email address are typed at the surface of the essay. As it is inspirational. Sxholarshio Essay Samples Leader at a Glance For students that are involved with plenty of community leadership activities, it may be simple to fall in the trap of answering it like the leadership essay. It's unfortunate that many of students simply see community service for a hoop they must jump through. After you have identified a community, explore the several methods by which you've contributed to that community. In addressing themes of community involvement, it's helpful to first brainstorm certain ways that you were involved locally. 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Leadership is an ability which requires the use of many different traits in an individual. Compassion is another essential cha racteristic that ought to be demonstrated by means of a leader. Courage is an additional important characteristic which should be possessed by every leader. Competence also plays an extremely important function in determining whether one is a great leader. The main reason why it's necessary for you to make sure you will make an extensive and thorough scholarship essay is a result of the benefits that it may provide to your scholarship application. Therefore it helps to cover the society's membership criterion. Not everybody can afford superior education, and that's why some men and women elect to join the institution's scholarship program. So read the scholarship criteria cautiously get the most out of all of the information available. 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Burnt Shadows The Similarities And Trauma Caused Using...

Shanaz Rahim USSY 288K – Hiroshima Mark Pedretti, 30 April 2012 Reality and Fiction: The Similarities and Trauma Caused Using the Narrative Form in Burnt Shadows by Kamila Shamsie Narrative Forms, Reality, and Trauma The narrative forms of the â€Å"hermeneutic and proairetic codes† proposed by Roland Barthes Peter Brooks highlights the two ways a fictional novel creates suspense (qtd. from Brooks 18). The hermeneutic code is caused by unanswered questions in the plot, while the proairetic is the anticipation the reader feels. In a sense, we can see these two devices as working together to create a narrative as a whole. As readers, we keep reading the natural sequence of actions (proairetic) to understand the overall plot of the novel (hermeneutic). The plot â€Å"might be best thought of as an overcoding of the proairetic by the hermeneutic, the latter structuring the discrete elements of the former into the larger interpretive wholes, working out their play of meaning and significance† (Brooks 18). The consciousness of an ending signifies a desire to understand the meaning of the novel on both a plot level and a cosmic level. In Tzvetan Todorov s â€Å" Narrative Transformations,† Todorov advances structural narratology using works of Victor Scholovsky and Vladimir Propp to understand the meaning of a novel, its â€Å"wholeness† (qtd. from Brooks 91): Narrative operates as metaphor in its affirmation of resemblance, in that it brings into relation different actions, combines them

Knowledge Management Importance In Organisations Commerce Essay Free Essays

In today competitory environment, the cognition direction is significantly become more importance in many administrations. Harmonizing to Chaffey ( 2007, p.486 ) define that cognition direction is the direction of activities and procedures for leveraging cognition to heighten fight through better usage and creative activity of single and corporate cognition resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management Importance In Organisations Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Knowledge can be divided into two different types which is expressed cognition and tacit cognition. Therefore, cognition is an of import resource in nowadays modern administration. Consequently, the beginning of cognition is uniqueness and hard imitate by the rivals. Industry analysis In this age of globalization, cognition acquisition has become the critical agencies for acquisition competitory advantage In this age of globalization cognition acquisition has become the critical agencies for deriving competitory advantage, and as such acquisition has become a important component of cognition acquisition, application and creative activity ( Longworth and Davies, 1996 ) . The widespread proliferation of cyberspace engineerings and applications provides unbelievable chances for the bringing of instruction and preparation, and with quickly increasing internet use e-learning has now go a portable and flexible new method for scholars to derive indispensable cognition ( ching, Lee, factors influence the acceptance of e-learning system ) The forces of engineering, globalization and emerging cognition economic system are making a revolution that is coercing administrations to seek for new ways like implement cognition direction at the administration in order to vie with the rival. 2 ) Current usage of cognition direction in the Higher instruction industry Nowadays, higher instruction is face challenges in the competitory environment. Therefore, utilizing cognition direction techniques and engineerings in the higher instruction is critical because higher instruction is in the corporate sector. If the higher instruction can implement knowledge direction efficaciously, it can take to better decision-making capablenesss, better faculty members and administrative services, reduced cost and others. ( Kidwell, Linde and Johnson, 2000, p.31 ) Consequently, cognition direction is one of the good direction tools in today ‘s cognition based society. 2.1 ) Knowledge direction in Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics ( MESI ) Harmonizing to Tikhomirova, Gritsenko and Pechenkin ( 2008, p.16 ) province that Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics ( MESI ) is one of the taking research and educational Centres in the field of economic sciences, mathematics, statistic, IT and direction wholly over the Russia and Commonwealth Independent State ( CIS ) states. Furthermore, MESI is founded in 1932 and is an advanced educational and scientific composite, with 50 subdivision constitutions, 117 representatives ‘ offices and more than 200 regional spouses in Russia, CIS and other states. In add-on, MESI besides acknowledged as a leader in the development and execution of the latest preparation methods and advanced engineerings of E-learning. Presents, the higher instruction is recognized to be in the cognition concern and bit by bit more open to market place force per unit areas in a similar manner to other concern all over the universe. ( Rowley, 2000, p.325 ) Thus, many instruction administrations is late begun to recognize the importance of those alterations and besides get down to implement the cognition direction to the administration. For case, based on the Tikhomirova, Gritsenko and Pechenkin ( 2008, p.16 ) province that MESI is one of the instruction administration are have several cognition direction initiatives that the University can put to death like through making cognition direction research centres ; making cognition direction subjects, and implement it in a university course of study ; opening cognition direction larning plans on each degree like certification, unmarried man, maestro and PhD degrees ; implementing cognition direction Initiatives in the University ‘s procedures and forming external c onsultancy services for authorities and private administrations. Consequently, all of these enterprises has undertaken by the MESI. Furthermore, â€Å" MESI ‘s aims are to better coaction with authorities and concern ; want to increase quality, effectivity, efficiency and inventions. In add-on, MESI ‘s ends are want to do the University knowledge resources relevant, transparent, systematic, accessible and useable. Finally, the MESI is wanted to accomplish powerful competitory advantages † . ( Tikhomirova, Gritsenko and Pechenkin, 2008, p.16 ) 2.1.1 ) Quality direction system ( QMS ) Harmonizing to CERCO Working Group on Quality ( 2000, p.7 ) define that Quality Management System ( QMS ) as a managing construction, duties, procedures, processs, and direction resources to implement the rules and action lines needed in order to accomplish the quality aims of an administration. Therefore, Tikhomirova, Gritsenko and Pechenkin ( 2008, p.17 ) province that MESI besides have implemented the QMS which is certified in conformity with the ISO 9001:2000. The execution of QMS constructs in this University is affecting leading, procedure, systematic attack, client orientation and others. Therefore, all of this QMS constructs are lays the footing for planned cognition direction enterprises to the University. In add-on, this QMS constructs implement by the University is really a system for demands ‘ designation and fulfillment, addresses the demands of internal and external stakeholders, employers, internal interested parties like module and employees and others. Furtherm ore, QMS besides support the international demand for research and quality instruction. Consequently, from the QMS construct, it seen the cognition is an of import plus for the MESI to leverage throughout the whole university system ( Tikhomirova, Gritsenko and Pechenkin, 2008, p.17 ) Furthermore, there is holding other cognition direction reenforcing elements embedded in go outing QMS attacks which is the MESI ‘s system of Strategic and Operational Management Planning are back uping the cognition plans all over the strategic program, quality policy and ends. ( Tikhomirova, Gritsenko and Pechenkin,2008, p.17 ) This strategic planning of University can be view in appendix 1. Therefore, through use this strategic planning, the MESI conducts it every six months, both an internal and external rating of its scheme, visions and ends, in conformity with an internal Rules of Procedure. Beside this, it is a self-assessment of each chief procedure and end product. Furthermore, this strategic planning besides is a system for monitoring, reexamining and analysis of demands, sentiments and attitudes of employers and end-user like pupil, alumnus pupil and others. ( Tikhomirova, Gritsenko and Pechenkin, 2008, p.17 ) Consequently, the developed service of selling and monito ring is used for this intent. Thus, based on Davidson and Voss ( 2002, p.149 ) province that cognition is understood to be a strategic resource and system are in topographic point to attest that the administration can calculate its hereafter cognition demands. As a consequence, strategic planning is an of import tool for the University and it can supply benefit to the MESI which have betterment the countries of technological substructure, pupil services, plan bringing, institutional and executive committedness, fiscal wellness, and others. 2.1.2 ) the cardinal Realms of Knowledge Management Harmonizing to Petrides and Nodine ( 2003, p. 10 ) describe that three core organizational resources in the cognition direction is involve procedures, people and engineerings. Hence, this three constituent can take the administration to utilize and portion information more efficaciously. 2.1.2.1 ) Procedure, People, Technology However, harmonizing to Tikhomirova, Gritsenko and Pechenkin ( 2008, p.18 ) province that MESI operates the university ‘s concern activities and maps by using a procedure theoretical account. This procedure theoretical account can see in appendix 2. Through the diagram from appendix 2, the MESI ‘s procedure theoretical account has an proprietor and chiseled ends. In add-on, every basic procedure are described and translated in the ordinance paperss of MESI. Therefore, this is a cognition sharing in the University because each of the module and employee besides can entree the information through the university corporate portal. Therefore, for each procedure, this will affect the people like staff, clients, spouses and rivals. Furthermore, MESI besides continually undertake reengineering as a effect of feedback and analysis. Therefore, this procedure theoretical account can steer the MESI to implement the cognition direction more effectual. Beside this, from the MESI Ã¢â‚¬Ë œs procedure theoretical account, it can supply the appropriate cognition direction tools and engineerings to the system. So, this is involve the engineering in the university when implement the cognition direction. Consequently, this is the chief thought of a systematic attack to knowledge direction execution is incorporating the cognition direction rhythm to each concern procedure. Last, the cognition mom Appendixs Appendix 1: Strategic Planning of University Beginnings: appendix 1 adapted from Natatya Tikhomirova, Anatoly Gritsenko and Alexander Pechenkin ( 2008, p.18 ) Appendix 2: MESI procedure theoretical account Beginnings: appendix 2 adapted from Natatya Tikhomirova, Anatoly Gritsenko and Alexander Pechenkin ( 2008, p.19 ) How to cite Knowledge Management Importance In Organisations Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Electronic Gadgets to Students Studying Habits free essay sample

Identify the reasons why they use such gadget 3. Identify the factors affecting students to use gadgets 4. Recognize the importance of balancing study habits and usage of electronic gadget Objectives of the study The research aims to accomplish the following: * Determine the specific reason why Electronic Gadget affects students studying habits * Determine the positive and negative effects of Electronic gadget to students * Show the consequences of excessive use of Electronic gadgets to students * Give the students an advice on how to control their use of electronic gadget Significance of the Study To students. The study will be significant to students that excessively use their gadgets to the point that they are addicted to it. It can be a guide to them on how to control the usage of their said gadgets. To parents. For them to control their children in making such decision in excessively using their gadgets. To teachers. The study will help teachers to understand the students better. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Gadgets to Students Studying Habits or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By this study they will come up on how to manage such students. Scope and Limitations This study would be focusing only on the effects of various electronic gadgets to 2nd year Information Technology Students and the factors that make them utilize the gadgets. This would make use of questionnaires that would be given to the students of the university. The students that would be given the questionnaires would total to two hundred (200) respondents. Conceptual Framework This study focuses on the effects of various electronic gadget which will also serve as the independent variable and the effect on it on the studying habits of a 2nd year Information Technology student which act as the dependent variable. Gadgets are invariably considered to be more unusually or cleverly designed than normal technological objects at the time of their invention * Industrial Evolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the  socioeconomic  and  cultural  conditions of the times. * Technology – is the making, usage and knowledge of  tools, techniques, crafts, systems  or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or serve some purpose.